|
|
Alzheimer's disease-related changes in phosphorylation of collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) and their effect on neuronal function
Škrlantová, Alice ; Balaštík, Martin (advisor) ; Balík, Aleš (referee)
CRMP2 was first identified in 1995 as a mediator of Sema3A signalization pathway which leads to axon growth cone collapse. Since then CRMP2 was designated as an essential cue during neuronal polarity estabilishment and neuronal growth in embryonic life. CRMP2 was also found hyperphosphorylated in NFT's and this finding led to further research of CRMP2 function in the pathogenesis of AD. The activity and proper function of CRMP2 is regulated by phosphorylation and a deeper look into the mechanism of this modification is necessary for understanding how CRMP2 influences the function of neural cells. In this thesis I focus on signaling pathways, kinases and interaction partners of CRMP2 and describe how aberrant regulation of these interactions leads to Alzheimerʼs disease development.
|
|
|
Regulatory mechanisms of microtubule reorganization in activated mast cells
Rubíková, Zuzana
Microtubules (MTs) are highly dynamic structures essential for the spatio-temporal intracellular organization and transport, signal propagation, cell differentiation, motility and division. To perform these roles, MTs create arrangements capable of fast and precise adaptation to various signals. MTs are under the control of many factors regulating MT nucleation, stability and dynamics. Bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) are important immune system cells, which can cause serious diseases if their functions are deregulated. Although MT reorganization during BMMC activation is well established, the molecular mechanisms that control their remodelling are largely unknown. In the presented thesis we functionally characterised GIT1/βPIX signalling proteins, PAK1 kinase, and Ca2+ signalling in the regulation of MT nucleation in BMMCs and other cell types. We also elucidated the function of miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine), a promising candidate for the treatment of mast cell-driven diseases. We found that GIT1/βPIX signalling proteins are γ-tubulin-interacting proteins associating with centrosomes in BMMCs. MT nucleation is positively regulated by GIT1 and Ca2+ , whereas βPIX is a negative regulator of MT nucleation in BMMCs. Cytosolic Ca2+ affects γ-tubulin properties and stimulates the...
|
|
|
Regulatory mechanisms of microtubule reorganization in activated mast cells
Rubíková, Zuzana
Microtubules (MTs) are highly dynamic structures essential for the spatio-temporal intracellular organization and transport, signal propagation, cell differentiation, motility and division. To perform these roles, MTs create arrangements capable of fast and precise adaptation to various signals. MTs are under the control of many factors regulating MT nucleation, stability and dynamics. Bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) are important immune system cells, which can cause serious diseases if their functions are deregulated. Although MT reorganization during BMMC activation is well established, the molecular mechanisms that control their remodelling are largely unknown. In the presented thesis we functionally characterised GIT1/βPIX signalling proteins, PAK1 kinase, and Ca2+ signalling in the regulation of MT nucleation in BMMCs and other cell types. We also elucidated the function of miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine), a promising candidate for the treatment of mast cell-driven diseases. We found that GIT1/βPIX signalling proteins are γ-tubulin-interacting proteins associating with centrosomes in BMMCs. MT nucleation is positively regulated by GIT1 and Ca2+ , whereas βPIX is a negative regulator of MT nucleation in BMMCs. Cytosolic Ca2+ affects γ-tubulin properties and stimulates the...
|
|
|
Regulatory mechanisms of microtubule reorganization in activated mast cells
Rubíková, Zuzana ; Dráber, Pavel (advisor) ; Binarová, Pavla (referee) ; Hašek, Jiří (referee)
Microtubules (MTs) are highly dynamic structures essential for the spatio-temporal intracellular organization and transport, signal propagation, cell differentiation, motility and division. To perform these roles, MTs create arrangements capable of fast and precise adaptation to various signals. MTs are under the control of many factors regulating MT nucleation, stability and dynamics. Bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) are important immune system cells, which can cause serious diseases if their functions are deregulated. Although MT reorganization during BMMC activation is well established, the molecular mechanisms that control their remodelling are largely unknown. In the presented thesis we functionally characterised GIT1/βPIX signalling proteins, PAK1 kinase, and Ca2+ signalling in the regulation of MT nucleation in BMMCs and other cell types. We also elucidated the function of miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine), a promising candidate for the treatment of mast cell-driven diseases. We found that GIT1/βPIX signalling proteins are γ-tubulin-interacting proteins associating with centrosomes in BMMCs. MT nucleation is positively regulated by GIT1 and Ca2+ , whereas βPIX is a negative regulator of MT nucleation in BMMCs. Cytosolic Ca2+ affects γ-tubulin properties and stimulates the...
|
|
|
Alzheimer's disease-related changes in phosphorylation of collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) and their effect on neuronal function
Škrlantová, Alice ; Balaštík, Martin (advisor) ; Balík, Aleš (referee)
CRMP2 was first identified in 1995 as a mediator of Sema3A signalization pathway which leads to axon growth cone collapse. Since then CRMP2 was designated as an essential cue during neuronal polarity estabilishment and neuronal growth in embryonic life. CRMP2 was also found hyperphosphorylated in NFT's and this finding led to further research of CRMP2 function in the pathogenesis of AD. The activity and proper function of CRMP2 is regulated by phosphorylation and a deeper look into the mechanism of this modification is necessary for understanding how CRMP2 influences the function of neural cells. In this thesis I focus on signaling pathways, kinases and interaction partners of CRMP2 and describe how aberrant regulation of these interactions leads to Alzheimerʼs disease development.
|
|
|
New regulatory mechanisms of microtubule nucleation
Černohorská, Markéta ; Dráber, Pavel (advisor) ; Binarová, Pavla (referee) ; Hašek, Jiří (referee)
MT nucleation from γ-tubulin complexes, located at centrosome, is an essential step in the formation of MT cytoskeleton. In mammalian cells, -tubulin is encoded by two genes. We functionally characterized two γ-tubulin proteins and have found that both are functionally equivalent. γ-Tubulin 2 is able to substitute for γ-tubulin 1 in MT nucleation. However, we revealed that unlike TUBG1, TUBG2 expression is downregulated in mouse preimplantation development. Mast cells represent effectors of the allergy reaction. Their activation by antigen induces number of cellular processes such as degranulation, proliferation and cytoskeleton rearrangements. The regulatory mechanisms of MT reorganization during mast cell activation are unknown. We identified new signaling proteins, GIT1 and PIX that interact with - tubulin. Depletion of GIT1 or PIX leads to changes in MT nucleation. GIT1 is phosphorylated on tyrosine and associates with γ-tubulin in a Ca2+ -dependent manner. Our data suggested a novel signaling pathway for MT rearrangement in mast cells where tyrosine kinase-activated GIT1 and βPIX work in concert with Ca2+ signaling to regulate MT nucleation. We tested the capability of GIT1 and PIX to influence -tubulin function in more cell types. We found out that GIT1/βPIX signaling proteins together...
|
guest ::
